For those diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), finding effective treatment can make all the difference. While each person’s experience with depression is unique, there are several evidence-based therapies for Major Depressive Disorder that have proven to help people on their path to recovery. If you or someone you care about is dealing with depression, understanding these options is an important first step toward finding the right support.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, or CBT, is one of the most rigorously researched, widely used and effective therapies for Major Depressive Disorder. It works by helping individuals identify and reframe unrealistically negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to depression. The goal of CBT is to help consider healthier, more adaptive ways of thinking and responding. By learning skills to manage these thoughts, individuals often experience reduced symptoms and a more positive outlook.
But here’s an important point that may sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood: CBT is NOT about ‘positive thinking’. It’s about realistic thinking, including the acknowledgement that sometimes there are aspects of our lives that genuinely aren’t wonderful. We work together on putting those aspects into perspective, problem-solving where we can, accepting where we can’t and finding ways to get more of what the person wants from their lives.
CBT is also about more than challenging thoughts; it’s about doing things differently — that’s the ‘B’ in CBT! In fact, it can often be challenging to consider things differently until we try to do things differently.
CBT can be a standalone treatment or used alongside medication or other therapies, depending on individual needs.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on the connections between relationships and mental health, and so can be helpful when the crux of the depression is relevant to interpersonal interactions or unresolved conflicts. IPT helps individuals identify relationship patterns that may contribute to their depression and develop strategies to improve their social connections. As relationships improve, individuals often experience a lift in mood and overall mental well-being.
However, research also suggests that CBT is preferred to IPT when addressing severe depression.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combines mindfulness principles with cognitive therapy to help individuals manage their depression, especially those who have had multiple episodes. MBCT teaches mindfulness techniques that allow individuals to observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment. This approach may help reduce the impact of ‘negative emotions’ by enabling people to respond with greater calm and control.
Medication and other treatments for MDD
For many people with MDD, medication can play a significant role in managing symptoms. Antidepressants work by adjusting the availability of brain chemicals like serotonin and norepinephrine, which can improve mood and reduce feelings of sadness or anxiety. Although medication alone is not always enough, it can be a valuable addition to psychological therapy for Major Depressive Disorder, enhancing the effects of and ability to engage in treatments like CBT.
Common types of antidepressants:
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) — These medications increase serotonin levels, which can help improve mood. Examples include Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft.
SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) — SNRIs target both serotonin and norepinephrine, which can be effective for more severe cases. Examples include Effexor and Cymbalta.
TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants) — These older antidepressants also affect serotonin and norepinephrine, but may have more side effects. Common options include Amitriptyline and Imipramine.
Other treatments for Major Depressive Disorder include Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), particularly for more severe treatment-resistant depression.
This is not an exhaustive list, but rather a general overview. It’s important that medication options are discussed with a GP, and often with a psychiatrist.
Complementary strategies
Activities like regular exercise, a balanced diet, healthy sleep hygiene and physiological relaxation strategies can support overall well-being and reduce symptoms of depression. These methods are not meant to replace traditional therapies for Major Depressive Disorder but can complement the process to help individuals manage stress and improve resilience.
Seeking professional support
If you or someone you know is experiencing depression, early intervention can make a meaningful difference. Effective treatment, guided by a qualified mental health professional, can provide the tools needed to manage symptoms and foster recovery.
At Boyce & Dale Anxiety and Mood Disorders Clinic, we offer tailored, evidence-based therapy for Major Depressive Disorder, usually via a CBT framework. Reach out to us to schedule a consultation and begin the journey to recovery today.
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